Classical Glossary
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Term coined by Leonardo da Vinci...
From the Italian meaning 'first time.' Also known as direct painting or premier coup painting...
The study of the structure of the human figure...
(ătil-yā'): French, from the Old French astelier (botegga in Italian)...
In ateliers and realist academies, the word "instructor" is generally used to refer to assistants and not official faculty...
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A group of Naturalist plein air painters who worked in the area of the French town of Barbizon, south of Paris.
plates... meant to be preparatory practice to working in 1) plaster casts of antiques, 2) instructive old master drawings, and 3) the nude...
Abbozzo in Italian for "sketch." In painting, "blocking in" is the first sketch...
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Historically and in the classical realist vocabulary, a cartoon is a preliminary drawing...
A time-honored method for training the student to see, intellectualize and create an accurate realistic image...
Charles Cecil (Charles H. Cecil / Charles Harkness Cecil):
(kē-ära-skur'ō) From the Italian compound of chiaro (‘light’, ‘clear’) and scuro (‘dark’) used to refer to the distribution of light and dark tones with which the painter...or draughtsman imitates light and shadow and light...
Classical Realism: "In 1982 Richard Frederick Lack coined the term "Classical Realism" to characterize the artistic tradition represented by R. H. Ives Gammell, himself, and their students...
The dry powdered pigments, from which artists' paints are made, must conform to several requirements...
The distortion / response of all colors when viewed under a particular light source...
A method that teaches the construction of the figure from simple shapes...
The graceful positioning of the artists' model exemplifying aesthetics through contour and gesture...
Between 1865 and 1871, " The Drawing Course" (Cours de Dessin) by Charles Bargue and Jean-Léon Gérôme was issued ...
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Daniel Graves is the founder and director of the Florence Academy of Art in Florence Italy...
Italian for design. The Disegno is the concept, the idea that inspires the artist and evolves in the form of sketches...
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(ākôl' dā bōzär'): The Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture (founded in 1648), established and ran the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris...
(ekorshay - ā'kôr-shā'): An anatomically accurate "flayed" figure, traditionally constructed from clay....
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A historic painting technique whereby one applies a thin layer of darker color over a brighter, dried surface, thereby superimposing one transparent color over another to achieve a planned result...
(grĭ-zī): French from the word gris meaning gray. Grisaille is a term used to indicate a monochromatic palette consisting of warm and cool shades of gray...
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From the Italian, impastare, to make into a paste. Painting that is highly textured...
The first thin, transparent toning of the canvas. An imprimatura brings the surface closer to a midtone, allowing...
Procedures in which the final effects in a picture are built up gradually by placing several layers of paint, one over the other...
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A geometric constructed convention used to represent human visual perception of objects in space in the real world...
Fabric, woven of flax fiber, is preferred over other textiles because of its durability, because...
Artists' models return to the studio (atelier) to pose in the same original position...
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A realist style of painting in which the artist presents a personal interpretation of visual reality while retaining...
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Coating dried color with oil before more paint is applied. At the end of each painting session, the edges should be softened...
Colors produced by blending as opposed to direct mixing...
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(plĕn-ĕr'): French, "open-air or fresh-air;" Al fresco . Plein Air is a term used for landscape paintings accomplished directly from nature...
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Robert Doak
Robert Doak & Associates, Inc
Specialized Artists' Materials
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A scumble is a thin, lighter color applied over a dried darker surface...
(sfoo-mah-toe): Italian for ""blended" with suggestions of "smoky." An oil painting technique in which the artist coats the objects in a picture with layers...
Any chemical additive...
Allows the painter to view the subject accurately, and translate three-dimensional form in two dimensions...
Daughter and student of famous Italian impressionist/ naturalist painter, Filadelfo Simi (1849-1923)...for 64 years, Nerina Simi ran one of the most important drawing studios in Florence, Italy...
When preparing canvas, the linen must first be coated with a size. This is done before applying a primer...
John T. Spike: A noted historian of Italian art of the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries.
An art critic and art historian of international standing, in 1979 Spike earned his PhD from Harvard University...
A personalized method of advancement through a program of study, whereby an educator provides individualized attention to students...
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Tenebrist: In Italian Tenebrista. From the Latin tenebrae, “darkness.” 'Tenbrist painting uses extreme contrasts of light and dark in figurative compositions to heighten their dramatic effect....'
Tonal Drawing or Value Drawing: Using light and shade as opposed to linear line to create a painterly affect in a drawing.....
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Underpainting was once one of the most commonly used techniques in oil painting but fell into almost total disuse among contemporary painters. From the beginnings of oil painting, underpainting has been an essential stepping stone...
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a style of underpainting which uses green-grey colours to establish values for later layers of paint. The technique is renowned for being particularly effective when painting flesh ...
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Classical Glossary